Amanita farinosa - Amanitaceae.org - Taxonomy and Morphology of Amanita and Limacella

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name	Amanita farinosa
name status	nomen acceptum
author	Schwein.
english name	"American Floury Amanita"
images	1. Amanita farinosa, Hopewell Twp., Mercer Co., New Jersey, U.S.A.
cap	Amanita farinosa is a rather small species of the eastern U.S.A. and southeastern Canada. It is rather common, but may be overlooked because of its small size. A collector may sometimes, mistakenly, originally identify material of this species as belonging in Amanita section Vaginatae because of the color and long marginal striations of the cap; however, the present species has a distinct, though small, basal bulb on its stipe and must be placed in Amanita section Amanita. Its cap is a shade of brownish gray with the disc sometimes darker and browner than the rest; it has a strongly striate margin. The volva is distributed over the 30 - 55 mm wide cap as brownish gray powder.
gills	The gills are narrowly adnate, close to subcrowded, white to off-white, 4 - 7 mm broad and, occasionally exhibit forking. The short gills are truncate to rounded truncate and occasionally attach to the stipe rather than to the cap margin.
stem	The exannulate stipe is 45 - 60 × 4.5 - 8 mm. The small bulb (5 - 8 × 8 - 9 mm) bears a powdery area of universal veil on its upper surface that is usually quite distinct.
spores	The spores measure (6.0-) 6.5 - 8.8 (-10.5) × (5.0-) 5.5 - 7.0 (-9.0) µm and subglobose to ellipsoid (infrequently globose or elongate) and inamyloid. Clamps are not present at bases of basidia.
discussion	This species is commonly found in forests with oak, beech, or hickory. Its known range extends from southeastern Canada to cloud forests of the Cordillera Talamanca of Costa Rica. This name is applied to a taxon of western North America that appears to be a distinct species (A. farinosa sensu Thiers). In other parts of the world (e.g., eastern Asia) the name has been applied to locally occurring taxa. In New Zealand, the taxon to which this name has been applied is a distinct species—A. nehuta G. S. Ridl. Other taxa to which comparison is of interest include A. basiana Tulloss & M. Traverso, A. friabilis (Karst.) Bas, A. hyperborea (Karst.) Fayod, A. levistriata Dav. T. Jenkins, A. obsita Corner & Bas, A. pulverotecta Bas, A. siamensis Sanmee et al., A. subvaginata (Cleland & Cheel) E.-J. Gilbert, and A. xerocybe Bas.—R. E. Tulloss
brief editors	RET

name

Amanita farinosa

author

Schwein. 1822. Schr. Nat. Ges. Leipzig 1: 79.

name status

nomen acceptum

english name

"American Floury Amanita"

synonyms

≡Agaricus farinosus (Schwein.) Schwein. 1834. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc 4: 145.

≡Amanitopsis farinosa (Schwein.) Peck. 1898 ["1896"]. Rep. (Annual) Regents Univ. State New York New York State Mus. 50: 87.

≡Amanitella farinosa (Schwein.) Earle. 1909. Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 5: 449. [Type of genus Amanitella Earle.]

≡Vaginata farinosa (Schwein.) Murrill. 1912b. Mycologia 4: 3, pl. 56 (fig. 5).

The editors of this site owe a great debt to Dr. Cornelis Bas whose famous cigar box files of Amanita nomenclatural information gathered over three or more decades were made available to RET for computerization and make up the lion's share of the nomenclatural information presented on this site.

MycoBank nos.

355585

GenBank nos.

Due to delays in data processing at GenBank, some accession numbers may lead to unreleased (pending) pages. These pages will eventually be made live, so try again later.

accession	locus	voucher	source



AF024450	nrLSU	3.viii.1992 R. E. Tulloss 8-3-92-D (RET 120-5)	Weiss et al. (1998), Lehrstuhl für Spezielle Botanik und Mykologie, Bot. Int., Univ. Tübingen
KU186822	nrLSU	4.ix.2011 Paula DeSanto s.n. [Tulloss 9-4-11-E] (RET 492-6)	L. V. Kudzma, Annandale, NJ
KU186823	nrLSU	29.viii.2012 S. Russell 3714 (RET 534-10)	L. V. Kudzma, Annandale, NJ

holotypes

intro

Olive text indicates a specimen that has not been thoroughly examined (for example, for microscopic details) and marks other places in the text where data is missing or uncertain.

The following material not directly from the protolog of the present taxon is based upon original research by R. E. Tulloss.

pileus

PILEUS: (17.5-) 31 - 54 mm wide, gray, pale brownish gray to brownish gray, more brown or tan (6B2) over disc, sometimes becoming very pallid at margin, at first subhemispheric with flattened disc, then convex to plano convex and often somewhat depressed in disc and with decurved margin, shiny on disc (where universal veil is absent); context white to pale grayish white, sordid below pileipellis, unchanging when cut or bruised, 3^- - 4 mm thick at stipe, thinning evenly for innermost third to half of radius, then membranous to margin; margin strongly striate (0.5-0.55R), not appendiculate; universal veil as pulverulence, covering entire surface at first, sometimes with additional small irregular floccose warts, detersile, gray to brownish gray to pale brownish gray (5C2-3), unchanging when bruised.

lamellae

narrowly adnate, occasionally with faint and short decurrent line on stipe apex, close to subcrowded, white to off-white in mass and in side view, unchanging when cut or bruised, occasionally forking or anastomosing, 3.5 - 7 mm broad, with margin minutely flocculose and white; lamellulae truncate to rounded truncate, occasionally attached to stipe rather than pileus margin.

stipe

(16.5-) 46 - 58 × (2-) 4.5 - 8 mm, white, browning slightly from handling, cylindric or narrowing upward, flaring at apex, entirely pubescent to pulverulent at first, eventually satiny and finely striatulate; bulb 5 - 8 × (3-) 8 - 9 mm, subnapiform, subabrupt, often noticeably compressed vertically; context white to whitish, sometimes slightly grayish or watersoaked brownish in bottom of bulb, unchanging when cut or bruised, with larva tunnels concolorous, stuffed to hollow, with stuffing comprising rather loosely packed white cottony material in 1 - 2 mm wide central cylinder; exannulate; universal veil as ring of grayish pulverulence at top of basal bulb or sometimes over most of bulb, sometimes forming lumps and patches, more often as continuous appressed smear of grayish powder.

odor/taste

Odor lacking. Taste not recorded.

macrochemical
tests

L-tyrosine spot test for tyrosinase - positive throughout basidiome. Paracresol spot test for tyrosinase - positive throughout basidiome except (occasionally) in upper portion of pileus context. Syringaldazine spot test for laccase - negative throughout basidiome or with ?? postive in ??. Test vouchers: Tulloss 8-2-85-B, 11-30-85-B, 7-16-87-F, and 6-25-95-H.

lamella edge tissue

sterile.

basidiospores

send to graphing tool

composite of all data from material revised by RET and CRC: [180/9/9] (6.0-) 6.5 - 8.5 (-10.5) × (5.2-) 5.5 - 7.0 (-9.0) µm, (L = 6.7 - 7.9 (-8.0) µm; L’ = 7.3 µm; W = 5.7 - 6.4 (-6.5) µm; W’ = 6.1 µm; Q = ( 1.03-) 1.08 - 1.37 (-1.47); Q = 1.15 - 1.27 (-1.31); Q’ = 1.21), hyaline, colorless, thin-walled, smooth, inamyloid, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, occasionally ellipsoid, occasionally globose, often adaxially flattened; apiculus sublateral, cylindric; contents monoguttulate; white in deposit.

ecology

Solitary to subgregarious. Costa Rica: At 2350^± m elev. In cloud forest, with Quercus copeyensis, Q. rapurahuensis, and Q. seemannii. Edo. México, México: At 1750^± m elev. In open, heavily utilized Pinus-Quercus forest. Mississippi: ?. New Jersey: In damp duff and leaf litter over loamy clay over red shale under Fagus grandifolia in mixed woods also containing Cornus florida, Sassafras albidum, Nyssa sylvatica, Quercus spp., and Carya spp. New York: In an area of Sphagnum, Betula, Acer, and Quercus. West Virginia: At 990 - 1275^± m elev. In mixed forest containing Picea abies, B. lutea f., Tsuga canadensis, Rhododendron sp., Alnus and Sphagnum bogs or in deciduous forest with Prunus, Acer, and F. grandifolia or under F. grandifolia in mixed woods also containing Quercus spp. and Carya spp.]

material examined

COSTA RICA: SAN JOSÉ—Ctn. Dota - San Gerardo de Dota no. 1 , 5^± km SW of Cerro de la Muerte, Albergue de Montaña Savegre (Cabinas Chacón) [9°33’2” N/ 83°48’27” W, 2200 to ca. 2350 m], 25.vi.1995 Kris Shanks s.n. [R. E. Tulloss 6-25-95-H] (RET 153-10; SJU). MÉXICO: EDO. MÉXICO—Mpio. Zincantepec, Parq. Estatal Nanchititla, ca. cabañas [18°53’09” N/ 100°21’38” W], 7.vii.1996 A. Montoya Esquivel 1552 (RET 260-7; TLXM). U.S.A.: CONNECTICUT: Middlesex Co. - East Haddam, Devil's Hopyard St. Pk. [41°28'32" N/ 72°20'25" W, 72 m], 24.viii.2007 Sandy Shiene s.n. [Tulloss 8-24-07-H1] (RET 439-5), R. E. Tulloss 8-24-07-E (RET 439-3); Salmon River St. For. (West), 3.ix.2011 Bill Yule s.n. [Tulloss 9-3-11-E] (RET 491-4), 4.ix.2011 Paula DeSanto s.n. [Tulloss 9-4-11-E] (RET 492-6, nrLSU seq'd.). INDIANA—Montgomery Co. - Waveland, Shades St. Pk. [39.9378° N/ 87.0894° W, 223 m], 28.viii.2012 Stephen Russell 3570 [mushroomobserver.org #107629] (RET 534-5), 29.viii.2012 S. Russell 3714 [mushroomobserver.org #107667] (RET 534-10, nrLSU seq'd.). MISSISSIPPI—Jackson Co. - Pascagoula River Wildlife Mgmt. Area, 16.vii.1987 D. C. & R. E. Tulloss 7-16-87-F (RET 005-7). NEW JERSEY—Mercer Co. - Hopewell Twp., ff Carter Rd., woods behind AT&T/Lucent research labs [40°21’39” N/ 74°43’29” W, 63 m], 29.vii.1980 R. E. Tulloss 7-29-80-B (RET 393-4), 19.viii.1981 R. E. Tulloss 8-19-81-A (RET 322-1),21.vii.1982 R. E. Tulloss 7-21-82-D (RET 472-8), 28.viii.1982 R. E. Tulloss 8-28-82-E (RET 322-1), 23.ix.1987 R. E. Tulloss 9-23-87-E (RET ??). Morris Co. - Mendham, Meadowood Twp. Pk. [40°47'31" N/ 74°38'43" W, 214 m], 27.vii.1986 M. A. King 7-27-86-K (RET 079-4). NEW YORK—Orange Co. - ca. West Point, Harvard Black Rock For., 3.ix.1989 W. Bakaitis s.n. (NY). PENNSYLVANIA—Clarion Co. - Miola-Bigley, St. Game Lands No. 72, [41.2302° N / 79.2862° W, 368 m], 6.viii.2011 NAMA2011 participant s.n. [Tulloss 8-6-11-E] (RET 478-3). NORTH CAROLINA—Unkn. Co. - RCF, Wildacres 2015 foray, 19.ix.2015 Garrett Taylor s.n. [Tulloss 9-19-15-D] (RET 710-4). SOUTH CAROLINA—Oconee Co. - Seneca [34°46'09" N/ 82°57'55" W, 263 m], 30.xi.1985 M. A. King & R. E. Tulloss 11-30-85-B (RET 131-5). TENNESSEE—Blount Co. - GSMNP, Cades Cove, Gum Swamp, 6.vii.2006 E. Lickey s.n. [TFB13252] (TENN ??). Sevier Co. - ca. Gatlinburg, GSMNP, Grotto Falls trailhead [35.6752° N/83.4858° W, 780 m], 12.vii.2004 S. Tieken and R. E. Tulloss [Tulloss 7-12-04-P] (RET 375-6). VIRGINIA—Augusta Co. - George Washington Nat. For., Todd Lake Campground [38°21'55" N/ 79°12'41" W, 610 m], 22.viii.1982 D. C. & R. E. Tulloss 8-22-82-B (RET ??). WEST VIRGINIA—Preston Co. - Brookside, ix.1900 H. C. Beardslee s.n. (BPI). Randolph Co. - Monongahela Nat. For., Otter Creek Wilderness, 2.viii.1985 Linnea Gillman s.n. [R. E. Tulloss 8-2-85-B] (RET 201-8). Tucker Co. - Deer Run Tr., 3.viii.1992 R. E. Tulloss 8-3-92-D (RET 120-5); Monongahela Nat. For., Dolly Sods Picnic Area [38°58’13” N/ 79°21’34” W], 1.ix.1996 M. A., S. E. K. & R. E. Tulloss 9-1-96-A (RET 249-1).

[Note: Additional collections in SFSU—east and west coast variants.]

discussion

This is a small, delicate species. It is rather pale brownish-gray and has a deeply striate margin. It lacks an annulus, and its stipe terminates in a small bulb that has grayish or brownish gray powder of the universal veil appressed on its upper portion. From a quick look at the pileus, some collectors may judge this entity to be a relative of A. vaginata; however, the stipe is not totally elongating; and there is no sign of a volval sac on the small, but distinct bulb.

The following figures provides comparisons of sporographs of the present taxon to sporographs of A. farinosa sensu Thiers, A. farinosa sensu Zhu L. Yang, A. nehuta, and A. obsita.

At the moment the Bakaitis collection from Orange Co., New York, is not included in any compilation of numerical data because it was anomalous in several ways.

After multiple attempts, we have not been able to derive an nrITs sequence from collections of this species. This is probably due to heterogeneity of the locus. We have also not been able to obtain nrLSU sequences of the same length that can be achieved from other amanitas and presume that heterogeneity is the cause for the problem with the latter locus.

citations

—R. E. Tulloss and C. Rodríguez Caycedo

editors

RET

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name	Amanita farinosa
name status	nomen acceptum
author	Schwein.
english name	"American Floury Amanita"
images	1. Amanita farinosa, Hopewell Twp., Mercer Co., New Jersey, U.S.A.
photo	RET - (1) Hopewell Township, Mercer County, New Jersey, U.S.A.

name	Amanita farinosa
bottom links	[ Keys & Checklists ] [ Key for some Amanita species of Belize, Costa Rica, & Honduras ] [ Great Smoky Mtns. N.P. & region list ] [ New Jersey & region list ] [ E. Texas & Gulf Coast list ]

name	Amanita farinosa
bottom links	[ Keys & Checklists ] [ Key for some Amanita species of Belize, Costa Rica, & Honduras ] [ Great Smoky Mtns. N.P. & region list ] [ New Jersey & region list ] [ E. Texas & Gulf Coast list ]

Spore data for collections
provisionally identified as: Amanita farinosa Schwein.

Spore data sets and their composite

Each spore data set is intended to comprise a set of measurements from a single specimen made by a single observer; and explanations prepared for this site talk about specimen-observer pairs associated with each data set. Combining more data into a single data set is non-optimal because it obscures observer differences (which may be valuable for instructional purposes, for example) and may obscure instances in which a single collection inadvertently contains a mixture of taxa.

basidiospore definition

Spore Measurements by Collection

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