| name |
Amanita japonica |
| author |
Hongo ex Bas. 1969. Persoonia 5: 399, figs. 107-110. |
| name status |
nomen acceptum |
| english name |
"Japan Lepidella" |
| MycoBank nos. |
308561 |
| GenBank nos. |
Due to delays in data processing at GenBank, some accession numbers may lead to unreleased (pending) pages.
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|
| holotypes |
L |
| revisions |
Z. L. Yang. 1997. Biblioth. Mycol. 170: 143, figs. 116-118. |
| selected illustrations |
Imazeki and Hongo. 1987. Color. Illus. Mushr. Japan 1: 131, pl. 32 (fig. 226). |
| intro |
The following text may make multiple use of each data field.
The field may contain magenta text presenting data from a type study
and/or revision of other original material cited in the protolog of the present taxon.
Macroscopic descriptions in magenta are a combination of data from the protolog and
additional observations made on the exiccata during revision of the cited original
material.
The same field may also contain black text, which is data from a revision of the present
taxon (including non-type material and/or material not cited in the protolog).
Paragraphs of black text will be labeled if further subdivision of
this text is appropriate.
Olive text indicates a specimen that has not been
thoroughly examined (for example, for microscopic details) and marks other places in the text
where data is missing or uncertain.
The following material is derived from the protolog and (Yang 1997).
NOTE: Spore measurements from papers by Z. L. Yang use his "Times New Roman" face for "Q"
and "Q'"—respectively, "Q" and
"Q." |
| pileus |
from protolog: 55 - 80 mm wide, at first moderately dark gray to pale buffy gray (Drab Gray to Light Drab), convex, then planar, with surface eventually breaking into "vaguely delimited, thin patches" with context visible between them; context white, soft; margin nonstriate (per fig.), appendiculate; universal veil as felted-subflocculose covering, at first "rather densely set with somewhat paler, floccose-felted, subpyramidal, adnate warts," up to about 1.5 × 2 mm, later with each pale wart centered on darker gray spot (with latter minutely radially fibrillose and practically circular), with warts and spots diminishing in size and less distinct toward margin.
from Yang (1997): ca. 50 - 70 mm wide, grayish to gray over the disc, otherwise gray to dark gray, becoming grayish, convex to subplanar, dry; context whitish, becoming thinner towards the margin; margin appendiculate, nonstriate; universal veil as floccose [layer] or conical warts, 1 - 2 × 1 - 2 mm, becoming smaller toward margin, detersile to adnate, gray to dark gray, with warts becoming sordid white on tips. |
| lamellae |
from protolog: nearly free, sometimes with slight decurrent teeth, close to subdistant, white, 7 - 8 mm broad, subventricose, sometimes with subflocculose edge; lamellulae subtruncate to attenuate.
from Yang (1997): free to subfree, moderately crowded, white, 4 - 6 mm broad; lamellulae attenuate to subattenuate (longer examples) to obliquely truncate (shorter examples), 0 - 2 between otherwise adjacent lamellae. |
| stipe |
from protolog: 80 - 170 × 7 - 15 mm, white, narrowing upward, floccose; bulb fusiform-rooting to subclavate, up to 25 mm wide; context solid; partial veil apical, floccose-fibrillose, white, fugacious; universal veil as flocculose-pulverulent vague scales or warts on lower half of stipe, small, pale buffy gray (Light Drab).
from Yang (1997): 70 - 100 × 7 - 15 mm, white to sordid white, subcylindric or narrowing upward, floccose; bulb fusiform to napiform, radicating, 10 - 20 mm wide; context solid, white; partial veil white, fugacious; universal veil as fine warts or flocculence or pulverulence on lower half of stipe and upper half of bulb, sometimes distributed (at least in part) in fine irregular rings (per fig.), whitish to gray. |
| odor/taste |
from protolog: Odor and taste indistinct.
from Yang (1997): Odor and taste not conspicuous. |
macrochemical
tests |
none recorded. |
| pileipellis |
from protolog: "difficult to delimit" [poorly defined—ed.], denser than pileus context, not gelatinized.
from Yang (1997): poorly differentiated, with upper 25± often gelatinized in older basidiomes; filamentous hyphae 2 - 10 μm wide, somewhat inerwoven, subradially arranged, hyaline, colorless to nearly colorless, sometimes with grayish or brownish vacuolar pigment; clamps occasional. |
| pileus context |
not described. |
| lamella trama |
from protolog: "impossible to reinflate in type."
from Yang (1997): bilateral; mediostratum ca. 30 μm wide, comprising filamentous hyphae (2 - 7 μm wide, moderately abundant to abundant, frequently branched, rather sinuous) and inflated cells (moderately long ellipsoid to fusiform, 30 - 110 × 12 - 25 μm, often intercalary) and vascular hyphae (solitary to scattered rather commonly); lateral stratum with angle of divergence 45° - 60 °, gradually merging with subhymenium, comprising filamentous hyphae (abundant, branched) and inflated cells (clavate to fusiform, 35 - 45 × 11 - 17 μm, intercalary); clamps common. |
| subhymenium |
from protolog: ramose.
from Yang (1997): ca. 20 - 30 μm thick, comprising 2 - 3 layers of inflated cells [doliform to subellipsoid to irregularly shaped (10 -20 × 8.5 - 15 μm)] intermixed with some barely inflated cells (5 - 7 μm wide). |
| basidia |
from protolog: 40 - 45 × 9 - 10 μm; clamps frequent.
from Yang (1997): 38 - 63 × 9 - 13 (-15) μm, 4-sterigmate, with sterigmata 3 - 5 μm long; clamps frequent. |
| universal veil |
from protolog: On pileus: brownish yellow in alkaline solution, warts and underlying layer having distinct structures; underlying layer comprising mainly "interwoven to more or less radiating, yellowish hyphae 3 - 10 μm wide, with conspicuous, brown, vacuolar pigment"; "towards top of warts hyphae more or more mixed with" inflated cells; inflated cells mainly ellipsoid, also globose or clavate or elongate, up to 90 × 60 μm, with inconspicuous pigment, in anticlinally oriented chains.
from Yang (1997): On pileus: elements approximately anticlinally arranged; filamentous hyphae 2.5 - 9 μm wide, moderately abundant in upper part, rather more abundant in basal part, sometimes anastomosing, frequently branched; inflated cells subglobose to ovoid (20 - 75 × 30 - 60 μm) or ellpisoid to fusiform (50 - 110 × 20 - 50 μm), often in short chains, with grayish brown vacuolar pigment; vascular hyphae 3 - 10 μm wide [?also said to be 1.5 - 7 μm wide—ed.], sinuous, solitary; clamps occasional. On the stipe: elements irregularly distributed; filamentous hyphae moderately abundant, 2 - 10 μm wide; inflated cells abundant, subglobose to ovoid (35 - 70 × 30 - 60 μm) or clavate (35 - 100 × 20 - 45 μm), often with brownish to gray-brown vacuolar pigment; vascular hyphae rare to solitary; clamps not observed. |
| stipe context |
from protolog: longitudinally acrophysalidic.
from Yang (1997): longitudinally acrophysalidic; filamentous hyphae 1.5 - 10 μm wide, dominant in surface tissue; acrophysalides clavate to fusiform, 160 - 300 × 20 - 45 μm; vascular hyphae 2 - 12 μm wide, solitary; clamps rare. |
| partial veil |
from protolog: not described.
from Yang (1997): filamentous hyphae 2 - 8 μm wide, loosely organized; inflated cells dominating, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, 20 - 45 × 20 - 35 μm; vascular hyphae rare; clamps not observed. |
| lamella edge tissue |
from protolog: "a rather broad strip of hyphae and clavate cells (according to Dr. Hongo's description also vesiculose ones) agglutinated in dried material."
from Yang (1997): sterile, 20 - 70 μm wide; filamentous hyphae 3 - 5 μm wide, rather abundant, approximately periclinal with lamella margin, colorless, hyaline, moderately interwoven; inflated cells abundant, broadly clavate to ovoid to subglobose to spheropedunculate to (occasionally) ellipsoid, 20 - 40 × 18 - 32 μm, colorless, hyaline, thin-walled. |
| basidiospores |
from protolog: [20/1/1] 9.0 - 10.5 × 5.5 - 6.5 μm, (Q = 1.5 - 1.9; Q = 1.6 - 1.65), colorless, hyaline, thin-walled, ellipsoid to elongate, sometimes subreniform, amyloid, often adaxially flattened (per fig.); apiculus sublateral, cylindric (per fig.); contents (in alkaline solution) slightly yellowish, subgranular; color in deposit not reported.
from Yang (1997): [70/2/2] (7.5-) 8.5 - 10.5 × (5.0-) 5.5 - 7.7 μm, (Q = (1.31-) 1.36 - 1.67 (-1.81); Q = 1.52 ± 0.10), colorless, hyaline, smooth, thin-walled, ellipsoid to elongate, amyloid; apiculus cylindric and sublateral (per fig.), proportionately small; content not described; color in deposit not observed. |
| ecology |
from protolog: Japan: Terrestrial in Pinus-Quercus forest.
from Yang (1997): Solitary or in small groups. China: At 2900± m elev. In broad-leaved and mixed forests. |
| material examined |
from protolog: JAPAN: HONSHU—Shiga Prefecture - Ôtsu-shi, Terabe, 9.viii.1966 T. Hongo 3275 (holotype, L).
from Yang (1997): CHINA: YUNNAN—Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture - Binchuan Co., Jizushan [2800 m], 10.viii.1985 G. P. Xiao 586 (HKAS 17260); Binchuan Co., Jizushan, 12.viii.1989 Y. C. Zong & Y. Lu 324 (HMAS 59778, as "A. strobiliformis" in Ying & Zang, 1994: 140). |
| discussion |
from protolog:
"It is difficult to determine whether the thin, grey layer of hyphae forming the patches under and around the warts on the mature cap belongs to the pileipellis or to the volva. As it breaks up when the cap expands and as the transition into the tissue of the volval warts is very gradual I have described it as a part of the volva.
"Though the two type specimens have the appearance of being well dried, their microscopical structures are rather difficult to study. Cells and hyphae do not reinflate easily.
"At first sight the present species rather resembles A. onusta from N. America. The remnants of the volva on the cap, however, have a different structure. In A. onusta inflated cells are still abundant in the very base of the warts. Moreover, A. onusta has a more differentiated pileipellis, and more distinct and firmer volval warts or scales on the base of the stem.
"In A. japonica the outer layer of the volva forming the warts is paler than the inner layer that forms the thin, darker grey patches on which the warts are situated."
from Yang (1997): "Because of [observed] dominance of filamentous hyphae in the base of the volval warts on the cap, Bas (1969) placed A. japonica in stirps Solitaria of subsection Solitariae Bas. In the material examined here, the universal veil includes
abundant inflated cells and rather abundant filamentous hyphae (rather plentiful in
the bases of warts). [Note: Bas remarked on the difficulty of rehydrating the tissues in the type of the present species. If this problem extended to the basal parts of warts on the pileus, then it could have affected his ability to distinguish inflated cells in that tissue.—eds.]
"Amanita japonica appears similar to A. miculifera
Bas & Hatanaka (1984)
and A. onusta (Howe) Sacc. because of the following
shared characters: dark colored,
floccose to wart-like volval remains on the cap; evanescent partial veil; more or less
radicating stipe bulb; ellipsoid to long-ellipsoid spores; and clamp-bearing basidia.
Amanita miculifera is distinguishable from the present species by larger ?
basidiome with wart-like to crumb-link volval remains, by its stipe with a notably
radicating stipe bulb, by its larger spores and by the disordered structure in its
volval remnants. Bas and Hatanaka placed A. miculifera
in stirps Virgineoides
due to the disordered structure of hyphae and inflated cells in the volva remains on its
cap. The author retains this placement despite [the need to the need to amend Bas'
definition of the stirps by stating that the tissues in the volva warts of taxa in
stirps Vigineoides are "disordered at least in the upper parts" of those warts, i.e., that
the tissue may be vertically ordered in the lower parts of such warts.—eds.].
See observations under
A. virgineoides (Yang 1997: 141).
"Amanita japonica is very similar to A. onusta. The latter is distinguishable
from the present species by the dominance of inflated cells in the volval remains on its cap, by
its clearly differentiated pileipellis, and by the more persistent volval warts or scales on its
stipe's bulb. The tips and the bases of the warts on the cap of A. onusta are
similarly colored whereas the wart tip in A. japonica is paler than the wart base (Bas 1969;
Pomerleau 1975; Bas & Hatanaka 1984; Jenkins 1986). [Note: Amanita onusta was
placed by Bas in his stirps Microlepis where it appears to have affinity to other
included taxa such as A.
atkinsoniana.—eds.]
"For a comparison of A. miculifera with A. onusta see (Bas & Hatanaka 1984: 324)."
(t.b.d.)
Material that might belong to the present species is mentioned by Yang et al. (2001: 152). |
| citations |
Translation from German by RET.—Zhu L. Yang and R. E. Tulloss |
| editors |
RET |
|
Spore data sets and their composite