| name |
Amanita alliiodora |
| author |
Pat. 1928. Mém. Acad. Malgache 6: 29. |
| name status |
insufficiently known |
| english name |
"Garlic-Odored Death Cap" |
| synonyms |
≡ Amanitina alliiodora (Pat.) E.-J. Gilbert. 1940. Iconogr. Mycol. (Milan) 27, suppl. (1): 78, tab. 34 (figs. 5-6).
The editors of this site owe a great debt to Dr. Cornelis Bas
whose famous cigar box files of Amanita nomenclatural information
gathered over three or more decades were made available to RET for computerization
and make up the lion's share of the nomenclatural information presented on this site.
|
| MycoBank nos. |
250603, 534894 |
| GenBank nos. |
Due to delays in data processing at GenBank, some accession numbers may lead to unreleased (pending) pages.
These pages will eventually be made live, so try again later.
|
| holotypes |
PC |
| intro |
The following text may make multiple use of each data field.
The field may contain magenta text presenting data from a type study
and/or revision of other original material cited in the protolog of the present taxon.
Macroscopic descriptions in magenta are a combination of data from the protolog and
additional observations made on the exiccata during revision of the cited original
material.
The same field may also contain black text, which
is data from a revision of the present
taxon (including non-type material and/or material
not cited in the protolog).
Paragraphs of black text will be labeled if further subdivision of
this text is appropriate.
Olive text indicates a specimen that has not been
thoroughly examined (for example, for microscopic details) and marks other places in the text
where data is missing or uncertain.
The following information is derived from the
protolog, from (Gilbert
1940 &
1941), from (Dujarric de la Riviere and Heim
1938)
and from molecular studies by Dr. L. V. Kudzma and
from other original research by R. E. Tulloss
and D. S. Newman. |
| pileus |
protolog: 50 mm wide, grayish
olivaceous over disc, paler at margin, convex at
first, then planar, dry; context fleshy;
margin nonstriate; universal veil
absent. [Note: a stylized drawing
deposited with the type shows the cap as broadly
concave.—ed.]
RET/DSN: gray-olive, darkest over disc and becoming
paler toward white marginal zone
(20±% of radius), with pigmented
region virgate outside of disc, 34+ mm
wide, at maturity plano-convex with central
depression including distinct umbo; context
not recorded, ca. 2-3 mm thick over stipe, probably
thinning evenly to margin; margin
nonstriate; universal veil absent. |
| lamellae |
protolog: free, not very
crowded, white; lamellulae
present.
RET/DSN: free to narrowly attached, close, white in mass,
white in side view, width and shape not recorded,
with concolorous edge minutely fimbriate-pulverulent;
lamellulae truncate to attenuate, plentiful,
rather evenly distributed, of diverse lengths. |
| stipe |
protolog: 50 - 60 × 6 mm,
white, polished, subtly striate above
partial veil, undecorated below; bulb abrupt,
globose, up to 20 mm wide, marginate;
context ??;
partial veil membranous, superior, pendulous,
rather narrow, striate above, with entire margin;
universal veil limbate,
intimately connected to bulb, white, with highest
point ca. 30 mm from base of bulb.
[Note: In the drawing deposited with the type, the
bulb is shown as subabrupt with the volva limb
attached near the bulb's margin and, hence,
distinctly separated from the stipe
base.—ed.]
RET/DSN: 68± × 4 mm, white, smooth below
partial veil; context not
described; bulb 11±
× 8 mm, with obconic base; partial veil
superior, attached
6 - 10± mm below stipe apex, 3 - 8±
mm wide from
attachment to margin, white, membranous, thin,
persistent, collapsing on stipe,
proportionately small; universal veil as
membranous limb, white, originally upstanding and
distinctly separated from stem,
eventually collapsing on stipe, with highest point
of limb 25+ mm above very base of bulb.
[Note: since the dividing line between the stem and
bulb is covered by the volval limb in extant photos,
it more accurate to say that the total length of the
stem and bulb combined is 79±
mm.—ed.] |
| odor/taste |
protolog: Odor
distinctly and persistently of garlic.
Taste not recorded.
Dujarric de la Riviére and Heim (1938):
Taste acrid. |
macrochemical
tests |
none recorded.
Dujarric de la Riviére and Heim
(1938):
Considered toxic by indigenous informants. |
| basidia |
RET: ?? × 10.5 - 13.0 μm,
dominantly 4-, infrequently 2-sterimgate, with
sterigmata up to 5.2 × 2.2 μm,
??. |
| lamella edge tissue |
RET: sterile. |
| basidiospores |
(Gilbert
1940)
data from holotype :
[2/1/1] (8.3-) 8.5 - 8.7 (-9.6)
× 7.9 - 8.4 (-8.8) μm, (L =
?? μm; L' =
?? μm; W =
?? μm; W' =
?? μm;
Q = (1.02-) 1.03 - 1.10 (-1.11); Q =
??; Q' =
??),
hyaline, colorless, smooth,
thin-walled, amyloid,
globose[?] to subglobose to broadly ellipsoid[?];
apiculus sublateral, cylindric;
contents not described; white in
deposit.
(Gilbert
1940)
data from 1937 collection by Heim: [3/1/1]
(7.3-) 8.4 - 9.0 × (7.1-) 7.8 - 8.0 μm,
(L = ?? μm;
L' = ?? μm;
W = ?? μm;
W' = ?? μm;
Q = (1.0-) 1.04 - 1.16; Q =
??; Q' =
??), amyloid,
globose to subglobose to broadly ellipsoid.
RET: [40/1/1] (7.7-) 7.8 - 9.3 (-10.0) × (6.3-)
6.5 - 8.1 (-9.0) μm, (L = 8.6 μm;
L' = 8.6 μm; W = 7.4 μm;
W' = 7.4 μm; Q = (1.08-) 1.09 - 1.26
(-1.38); Q= 1.17;
Q' = 1.17), hyaline, colorless,
smooth, thin-walled, amyloid, subglobose to broadly
ellipsoid, rarely ellipsoid, adaxially more or less
flattened;
apiculus sublateral, cylindric, small;
contents granular to mono- to multiguttulate;
color in deposit not recorded.
[Note: The most reliable information on spores of
the holotype and the other pre-1940 collections is
derived from the text and illustrations (Tab.
XXXIV, figs. 5-6) of Gilbert
(1940 &
1941). The best size-shape information is
derived from measuring the scale drawings of
spores in the above cited figures. On the
other hand, of the five spores drawn from the
holotype (fig. 5), at most two could be interpreted
to be drawn in lateral view. The 6 spore
drawings from the Heim collection (fig. 6) include
3 that might be interpreted to be in lateral
view.—ed.] |
| ecology |
protolog: Solitary. In
thorny[?] underbrush, on sandy soil.
RET/DSN: Solitary. |
| material examined |
protolog: MADAGASCAR,
REPUBLIC OF: Maromandia, 20.ii.1923 R.
Decary s.n. (holotype, PC).
RET/DSN: MADAGASCAR, REPUBLIC OF:
Alaotra-Mangora Reg., Moramanga Dept., Andasibe
Community, Vohimana Forest, Piste '2', 26.i.2014
Daniel S. Newman, E. Randrianjohany, R. Letsara, V.
Razafindrahaja & Lesabotsy [Newman DSN062]
[mushroomobserver #230339]
(TANA, nrITS seq'd.). |
| discussion |
The recent collection of Newman et al. (Newman
DSN062)
conforms rather closely to the protolog of the
present species and the stylized
illustration deposited with the type
material. This collection yielded
an nrITS sequence supporting its inclusion in sect.
Phalloideae with closest matches to
A.
sp-Kerala01 (5.7% genetic distance) and to
A. marmorata
(5.8% genetic distance). The latter species is
known to contain amatoxins. An nrLSU sequence
(over 1400 characters) from
the same specimen has a closest BLAST match in GenBank
with A. marmorata (1.6% genetic distance).
According to Dujarric de la Riviére and Heim
(1938)
indigenous informants report that the species is
poisonous and that its strong odor will cure
headaches. |
| citations |
—R. E. Tulloss, L. V. Kudzma, D. S. Newman,
J. E. Shay and E. Randrianjohany |
| editors |
RET |
|
Spore data sets and their composite