| name |
Amanita cahokiana |
| author |
Tulloss, Sánchez-Ramírez & N. R. Goldman |
| name status |
nomen provisorum |
| english name |
"Cahokia Slender Caesar" |
| etymology |
honoring the archaeological site known as Cahokia.
[Note: This archeological site is the largest in North
America north of Central Mexico. In 1250 CE,
the town on this site, with its massive main pyramidal
mound was larger than the London of the time.
The site's construction and artifacts are assigned to
the Mississippian culture.] |
| GenBank nos. |
Due to delays in data processing at GenBank, some accession numbers may lead to unreleased (pending) pages.
These pages will eventually be made live, so try again later.
|
| intro |
Olive text indicates a specimen
that has not been
thoroughly examined (for example, for microscopic
details) and marks other places in the text
where data is missing or uncertain.
The following material is based on notes and
photographs of the cited collectors, molecular
research of Santiago Sanchez-Ramírez, and
additional original research by R. E. Tulloss. |
| lamellae |
yellow (at first) in mass; white in side view, at least at first with fimbriate yellow edge;
lamellulae ??. |
| stipe |
up to 305+ mm tall. |
| odor/taste |
Odor faint and somewhat like "clean
water." Taste mild and slightly
bitter with astringent aftertaste. |
macrochemical
tests |
none recorded. |
| lamella edge tissue |
sterile. |
| basidiospores |
RET & NRG: [110/5/3] (7.0-) 7.6 - 10.0 (-12.9) ×
(5.9-) 6.1 - 7.4 (-8.4) μm,
(L = 8.3 - 9.5 μm; L'
= 9.0 μm; W = 6.2 - 7.2 μm; W' =
6.8 μm; Q = (1.09-) 1.17 - 1.42 (-1.70); Q
= 1.22 - 1.37; Q' = 1.31), colorless, hyaline,
thin-walled, smooth, inamyloid, broadly ellipsoid to
ellipsoid, infrequently elongate, often adaxially
flattened, sometimes narrowed at one end;
apiculus sublateral, cylindric;
contents dominantly monoguttulae (with
"oil drop" type guttule); white in
deposit. |
| ecology |
Solitary to scattered.
Indiana: At 145 - 225 m elev. In mixed hardwood
forest with Fagus grandifolia.
Missouri: In bottomland mixed hardwood forest. |
| material examined |
U.S.A.:
ARKANSAS—Unkn. Co. - Lk. Sylvia
Recreation Area, Ouachita Nat. For., ca. Paron,
ca. border of Perry & Saline
Cos., 22.vii.2007 J. Justice AR-AM-7
(RET 436-7).
INDIANA—Montgomery Co. - Waveland, Shades
St. Pk. [39.9378° N/ 87.0894° W, 223 m],
28.viii.2012 Stephen Russell s.n.
[mushroomobserver #107643]
(RET 532-9). Sullivan Co. - Graysville
[39.1328° N/ 87.5671° W, 146 m], 22.ix.2012
Patrick G. Harvey s.n. [mushroomobserver #110771]
(RET 517-4).
MISSOURI—Jasper Co. - NW of Kendricktown [37.2062° N/
94.3354° W, 311m], 5.viii.2013 Jon Shaffer s.n.
[mushroomobserver #141855]
(RET 563-8).
Stoddard Co. - Mingo Nat. Wildlife Refuge, 19.ix.2008
Jay Justice s.n. (RET 450-8). |
| discussion |
The collections collected to here to define the
species concept of A. cahokiana were all
originally attributed to a unknown species of sect.
Caesareae or assigned (usually with a
comment or
question mark) to A.
arkansana. The two species have
overlapping ranges, which increases the possibility
of confusion.
The center of the cap is distinctly orange
in A. arkansana while more of a
yellow-orange in A. cahokiana. The
partial veil of A. arkansana is white,
while that of the present species is pale yellow;
also the stipe and its decoration in the present
species are more intensely yellow (at least at
first) than in A.
arkansana. In the present species,
covering the inner ends of the marginal striations,
there is often a zone
the pigment of which is darker than the
pigmentation of zones on
either side of the region. Such a zone is
lacking in A. arkansana.
While sample size is still small, spore
size and shape do not seem to be
characters that strongly differentiate
the two species. The following figure
provides the current comparison sporograph of A.
arkansana and A. cahokiana:
The single specimen comprising Justice AR-AM-7
appears to be immature (dried near the start of
sporulation, much of the hymenium is not yet
bearing spores). For this reason, spores were
measured from around the mid-point of a lamella and
from the quarter of a lamella nearest to the
stipe. Little difference in the shape, and
only slightly greater difference in distribution
of lengths, were observed in the sets of spores from
the two gill locations. The sporograph
for the single collection corresponds
to what would be expected from a sporograph of
incompletely matured lamellae
or overly mature lamellae. |
| citations |
—R. E. Tulloss, S. Sanchez-Ramírez and N. R. Goldman |
| editors |
RET |
|
Spore data sets and their composite