| name |
Amanita xanthella |
| author |
Corner & Bas. 1962. Persoonia 2: 274, pl. 7a, figs. 30-33. |
| name status |
nomen acceptum |
| english name |
"Yellow Penny Amanita" |
| etymology |
xanthellus Latin diminutive of ξανθος (Grk.), "golden yellow" |
| MycoBank nos. |
326121 |
| GenBank nos. |
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|
| holotypes |
L (in liquid) |
| intro |
The following text may make multiple use of each data field.
The field may contain magenta text presenting data from a type study
and/or revision of other original material cited in the protolog of the present taxon.
Macroscopic descriptions in magenta are a combination of data from the protolog and
additional observations made on the exiccata during revision of the cited original
material.
The same field may also contain black text, which is data from a revision of the present
taxon (including non-type material and/or material not cited in the protolog).
Paragraphs of black text will be labeled if further subdivision of
this text is appropriate.
Olive text indicates a specimen that has not been
thoroughly examined (for example, for microscopic details) and marks other places in the text
where data is missing or uncertain.
The following material is derived entirely from the protolog of the present taxon. |
| pileus |
from protolog: 20 - 45 mm wide, pale yellow, deeper yellow in center, shallowly concave with flat margin, dry; context white, firm: margin tuberculate striate (O.3 - 0.35R); universal veil, as small mealy warts, bright yellow, pyramidal, ca. 1 - 1.5 mm high and wide, crowded over disc, scattered and smaller toward margin. |
| lamellae |
from protolog: free, crowded, white, with edge entire and very pale yellow, thin, up to 6 mm broad, about 42 primaries; lamellulae attenuate, with 0 - 1 (-3) between each pair of otherwise adjacent lamellae. |
| stipe |
from protolog: 30 - 60 × 2 - 4 mm (width measured at apex), white, slightly fibrillose-floccose above and below partial veil; context solid, becoming hollow, white; bulb small, 6 - 12 mm wide; partial veil in lower third of stipe, narrow, pendent, white, with edge set with mealy yellow particles; universal veil as yellow mealy flocculent warts, 0.5 mm or less wide covering much of stipe's bulb. |
| odor/taste |
not recorded. |
macrochemical
tests |
none recorded. |
| pileipellis |
from protolog: 25 - 80 µm thick, apparently with elements embedded in colorless matrix; filamentous hyphae 2 - 5 µm wide, interwoven, distant, with yellow vacuolar pigment. Underlying layer ("hypoderm"): not sharply delimited; filamentous hyphae more or less radially oriented; inflated cells fusiform. [Note: It is common for the upper part of the pileus context to take a compressed form below the pileipellis and for this part of the context to have an ill-defined lower boundary. Perhaps this is what is being described as a "hypoderm" in this case. Nevertheless, this is not completely clear. The unique nature of other tissues in A. xanthella suggest the need for thorough revision.—ed.] |
| pileus context |
not described. |
| lamella trama |
from protolog: very indistinctly bilateral, subcellular; filamentous hyphae present; inflated cells dominating, ellipsoid to globose, up to 70 × 35 µm. [Note: Another very unusual tissue in this unique species.—ed.] |
| subhymenium |
from protolog: not differentiated from lamella trama, compromising large "sphaerocysts." [Note: Again, an unusual description for an Amanita.—ed.] |
| basidia |
from protolog: 25 - 36 × 8 - 12 µm, 4-sterigmate, with sterigmata up to 5 µm long, in hymenium often interspersed with up to 15 µm wide, isodiametric or broadly clavate hyaline inflated cells; clamps not observed. [Note: I have never seen any other Amanita hymenium described as having this form.—ed.] |
| universal veil |
from protolog: On pileus, wart base: inflated cells globose, up to 70 µm wide, terminal singly, with yellow contents. On pileus, wart apex: inflated cells smaller, sometimes cylindric, yellow, in more or less erect terminal chains. On stipe base: filmentous hyphae 3 - 10 μm wide; inflated cells as "sphaerocysts," up to 60 µm wide, yellow, terminal singly. |
| stipe context |
from protolog: longitudinally acrophysalidic; filamentous hyphae present; acrophysalides cylindric to clavate, up to 225 × 45 µm; refractive hyphae up to 10 µm wide, twisting, scarcely septate. |
| partial veil |
not described. |
| lamella edge tissue |
from protolog: "partly fertile"; inflated cells rare, globose, 17 - 24 µm wide. [Note: The description of the edge of the lamellae as "partly fertile" is so unusual in Amanita as to merit a word like "extraordinary." The tissue should be revised to provide a deeper understanding of its structure.—ed.] |
| basidiospores |
from protolog: [-/-/-] 6.5 - 7.4 (-8.1) × 5.1 - 7.1 µm, (Q = 1.05 - 1.30), colorless, hyaline, thin-walled, amyloid, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, sometimes ovoid or obovoid; apiculus rather narrow; contents granular opalescent, vitreous; color in deposit not recorded. In fresh material, spores said to measure 7 - 9 μm. |
| ecology |
from protolog: Solitary. Terrestrial in forest. |
| material examined |
from protolog: SINGAPORE: Bukit Timah, 27.iii.1943 E. J. H. Corner s.n. (holotype, L in liquid). |
| discussion |
from protolog: "The great difference between the results of the measurements of the spores of fresh and of preserved material, may be due to the fact that the mature spores got lost in the preservation liquid.
"In a tentative arrangement of the material, this species was put into section ... [Amanita] on account of its great resemblance to A. mira, although the attenuate short gills caused some doubt. Nevertheless, it was a bit of a surprise later on to find the spores to by amyloid. In this way the number of species in section Validae, characterized by bright colors and a striate margin of the pileus, is increased again after its reduction by the removal of A. rubrovolvata."
In the protolog (Corner & Bas 1962: 275), the authors discuss the rather isolated position of this taxon in section Validae. The species seems even more isolated after the passage of over 60 years. |
| citations |
—R. E. Tulloss |
| editors |
RET |
|
Spore data sets and their composite