| name |
Amanita singeri |
| author |
Bas. 1969. Persoonia 5: 364, figs. 55-57. |
| name status |
nomen acceptum |
| english name |
"Singer's Lepidella" |
| synonyms |
≡ Amanita salmonophylla Singer ad int. 1969. Beih. Nova Hedwigia 29: 152.
The editors of this site owe a great debt to Dr. Cornelis Bas
whose famous cigar box files of Amanita nomenclatural information
gathered over three or more decades were made available to RET for computerization
and make up the lion's share of the nomenclatural information presented on this site.
|
| etymology |
genitive of Latinized name, "Singer's" or "of Singer" |
| MycoBank nos. |
308588 |
| GenBank nos. |
Due to delays in data processing at GenBank, some accession numbers may lead to unreleased (pending) pages.
These pages will eventually be made live, so try again later.
|
| holotypes |
BAFC |
| revisions |
Tulloss, here. |
| selected illustrations |
Bellú. 1982. Boll. Gruppo Micol. Bresadola Trento 25(1-2): 16 [color plate], 17, 18.
Merlo & Traverso. 1983. Le amanite: 118 [color plate]. |
| intro |
The following text may make multiple use of each data field.
The field may contain magenta text presenting data from a type study
and/or revision of other original material cited in the protolog of the present taxon.
Macroscopic descriptions in magenta are a combination of data from the protolog and
additional observations made on the exiccata during revision of the cited original
material.
The same field may also contain black text, which is data from a revision of the present
taxon (including non-type material and/or material not cited in the protolog).
Paragraphs of black text will be labeled if further subdivision of
this text is appropriate.
Olive text indicates a specimen that has not been
thoroughly examined (for example, for microscopic details) and marks other places in the text
where data is missing or uncertain.
The following material is derived from (Bas 1969), original research of R. E. Tulloss, and the work of other researchers as indicated. |
| pileus |
40 - 70 mm wide, white or whitish, sometimes becoming pale gray, convex, then flat, dry; context white, unchanging or slightly yellowing [nankeen (MP)] below pileipellis; margin rounded, nonsulcate, slightly appendiculate; universal veil absent or as subverrucose to subsquarrose remnants, concolorous with pileus context or slightly browner (especially in age), densely and sometimes concentrically placed, small, felted-fibrillose. |
| lamellae |
free, moderately crowded, pale salmon to salmon or polar bear (MP) with peach blow (MP) shades or the color of the mature lamellae of Entoloma lividum (Bellú 1982), in French material cream becoming yellowish (Priou 1985), drying pl. 9 F 8/9 or burnous (MP) with capucin buff (MP) to cornhusk (MP) shades, broad, ventricose, rounded near pileus margin; lamellulae attenuate. |
| stipe |
30 - 70 × 7 - 12 mm, white, becoming dingy brownish with age and where bruised, cylindric to slightly fusiform or narrowing downward, with uninflated, abrupt to tapering base; bulb absent; context white, unchanging, probably solid (Bas 1969); partial veil apical to median to inferior (apparently portions slipping downward with age), white, membranous, pendent, tearing, sometimes with thickened edge; universal veil absent or as very inconspicuous, thin and narrow, incomplete girdles on lower half. |
| odor/taste |
Odor indistinct or slightly of "chloride of lime." Taste not recorded. |
macrochemical
tests |
none recorded. |
| pileipellis |
absent or poorly differentiated, gelatinized region lacking, only region dense with hyphae separating more typical pileus context from universal veil. |
| pileus context |
filamentous, undifferentiated hyphae 1.4 - 6.5 µm wide, branching, infrequently in narrow fascicles, densest above lamellae and below universal veil, interwoven in open lattice structure; acrophysalides thin-walled, subfusiform to broadly fusiform to clavate to broadly clavate, up to 45 × 20 µm observed, but probably? also larger, apparently sometimes in chains?; vascular hyphae not observed; clamps present?. |
| lamella trama |
bilateral, divergent; wcs = 25 - 35
µm (poor to moderate rehydration in holotype);
central stratum comprising densely interwoven
hyphae, ?; subhymenial base comprising intercalary
"cylindrical to subclavate cells 5 - 15 (-20) µm
wide" (Bas 1969) and common
branching filamentous, undifferentiated hyphae, with
divergent elements soon at angle of 45° to central
stratum; filamentous, undifferentiated hyphae 1.8 -
5.0 µm wide, branching; divergent, terminal, inflated
cells apparently lacking; vascular hyphae not
observed; clamps present. |
| subhymenium |
wst-near = 55 - 60 µm (moderate rehydration in holotype); wst-far = 60 - 65 µm (moderate rehydration in holotype); “subramose to subcellular” (Bas 1969), including many uninflated hyphal segments; with basidia arising from uninflated and inflated cells, with inflated cells up to 20 × 15 µm (Bas 1969). |
| basidia |
(30-) 33 - 50 × 8.0 - 11.0 (-12.0) µm, dominantly 4-, occasionally (Bas 1969) 2-sterigmate, with sterigmata up to 6.4 × 1.3 µm; clamps common. |
| universal veil |
On pileus, upper portion: well-illustrated by Bas (1969: 363, fig. 57); filamentous, undifferentiated hyphae 1.5 - 3.0 µm, branching, scattered to uncommon, very infrequently fasciculate, infrequently with yellowish subrefractive walls, including intercalary partially inflated and irregularly branching elements; inflated cells dominating, in chains, thin-walled, colorless “to pale brownish” (Bas 1969: 364), mostly fusiform or narrowly fusiform (up to 200 × 53 µm), occasionally ovoid to broadly ellipsoid to subglobose near termini of some chains, with some terminal fusiform cells mucronate, largely with periclinal orientation, but with tufts of elements with anticlinal orientation; vascular hyphae not observed, but reported by Bas (1969: 364); clamps moderately common. On pileus, lower portion: intergrading with zone dense in hyphae (see pileipellis, above); filamentous, undifferentiated hyphae much more common than in upper portion. On stipe: as scattered fragments of chains of cells like those on the pileus, partially gelatinized to extensively gelatinized. |
| stipe context |
longitudinally acrophysalidic; filamentous, undifferentiated hyphae 2.5 - 6.6 µm wide, locally rather infrequent to locally dominating and in robust fascicles, with locally dominating to locally infrequent hyphae 9.0 - 16.5 µm wide, with slightly thickened walls, sometimes strongly constricted at septa and suggesting chains of acrophysalide-like cells, sometimes not constricted at all at septa and then fitting the description of "longitudinal rows of cylindric cells" of Bas (1969: 365); acrophysalides thin-walled, scattered to moderately common locally, very common at stipe surface, up to 154 × 19.8 µm; vascular hyphae not observed; clamps common. |
| partial veil |
not located in holotype; filamentous, undifferentiated hyphae ?? µm wide, ??; inflated cells ??; vascular hyphae ?? µm wide, ??. |
| lamella edge tissue |
not examined. |
| basidiospores |
from Bas (1969): [30/4/2] 7.0 - 9.0 (-10.5) × 5.0 - 7.0 (-7.5) μm, (Q = (1.10-) 1.20 - 1.45 (-1.55); Q = 1.25 - 1.35).
from RET's study of type: [28/2/1] (6.0-) 6.5 - 11.4 (-12.6) × (4.9-) 5.5 - 7.5 (-8.5) μm,
(L = 7.1 - 9.5 μm; L' = 8.8 μm; W = 5.8 - 6.8 μm; W' = 6.5 μm; Q = (1.12-) 1.17 - 1.63 (-1.68); Q = 1.23 - 1.41; Q' = 1.37).
composite of all data from material revised by RET: [178/10/7] (6.0-) 7.5 - 11.0 (-15.4) × (4.5-) 4.9 - 7.5 (-9.5) µm, (L = (7.1-) 7.6 - 10.0 µm; L’ = 9.1 µm; W = (4.9-) 5.6 - 7.2 µm; W’ = 6.6 µm; Q = (1.12-) 1.21 - 1.60 (-2.0); Q = 1.23 - 1.42 (-1.60); Q’ = 1.39), hyaline, colorless, thin-walled, smooth, amyloid, broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, sometimes slightly flattened adaxially, infrequently expanded at one end; apiculus sublateral, cylindric; contents dominantly mono-, occasionally multiguttulate, with or without additional small granules; white in deposit. |
| ecology |
Solitary to subgregarious. Argentina: Under various trees (including leguminous species, Juglans, and Pinus) and in unforested areas. France: Occurring after drenching rains. In pastures and meadows, far from trees or in parks with Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (A. Murray) Parl. or under C. lawsoniana and Pinus or under P. radiata or in fossil dunes or at the edge of a floating ship dock. Italy: In grassy area far from trees (Bellú 1982). South Africa: ?? (??). |
| material examined |
RET: ARGENTINA:
BUENOS
AIRES—Moreno, 9.xii.1962 R. Singer S392
(paratype, BAFC 30.611); Sierra
de la Ventana, ca. Abra de la Ventana, Club Hotel,
15.xi.1962 R. Singer & J. E. Wright
[Singer S238] (holotype, BAFC 30.610).
FRANCE:
ANGERS—Bécon-les-Granits, 19.ix.1992
Galand s.n. (in herb. J. Mornand 92-89-B1; RET);
Cholet, 12.ix.1992 J. Mornand? s.n. (in herb. J.
Mornand; RET).
LOIRE-ATLANTIQUE—St-Nazaire, Parc
Paysager [47°17’N/2°12’W], 31.x.1986 J. P. Priou
s.n. (in herb. Priou 86220[a]), 9.xi.1986 J. P.
Priou s.n. (in herb. Priou 86220[b]), 9.xi.1996
A. Lemoine s.n. [SESA Inventaire Mycol. 44] (in
herb. Priou 97023 & in herb. J. Mornand as
"Flocularia subcaligata").
VENDÉE—La-Roche-sur-Yon, La Brissonière,
20.x.1997 R. Pacaud s.n. (in herb. Pacaud; RET);
Château Guibert, 21.x.1997 R. Pacaud & G.
Boucard s.n. [F. Massart 97062] (in herb. F.
Massart; RET 272-4, nrITS seq'd.).
ITALY: SARDINIA—??.
[Other collections in L and IB].
SOUTH AFRICA: ??.] |
| discussion |
"Amanita salmonophylla Singer ined." mentioned by Garrido and Bresinsky (1985) is an herbarium name for this species. In Dr. Singer’s notes on the genus Amanita (in F), the page headed "Amanita salmonifolia Sing." is annotated in the hand of Dr. C. Bas "Amanita singeri Bas." Also, it is clear that the habit illustration on this page of notes is the source of the illustration of the species provided by Bas (1969).
As is commonly the case with taxa of Amanita subsect. Vittadiniae, the present species presents curatorial problems. I have never seen a specimen that did not have plentiful white mold on the pileus surface and at least the edges of some lamellae. At the time of my revision of it (March 1998), the holotype still contained a specimen with tissues that could be reinflated. It should be noted that two of the specimens in the holotype and the single specimen of the paratype bear abnormally small spores (having, by far, the lowest values of L and W found in the material examined) although scarce spores of normal size could be found with much searching. This could be due to the destruction of the nutrient-rich, mature spores by molds.
Whether or not this species is endemic to Argentina is an open question. Given the accumulating data concerning European occurrences of A. singeri (e.g., publications of Bellú (1982), Merlo and Traverso (1983), Migliozzi and Coccia (1989), Priou (1985, 1990), and Traverso (1999)], a European or, perhaps, Mediterranean origin must be considered. |
| citations |
—R. E. Tulloss |
| editors |
RET |
|
Spore data sets and their composite