| name | Amanita effusa |
| name status | nomen acceptum |
| author | (Kalchbr.) D. A. Reid |
| english name | "False-Pholioto Lepidella" |
| intro | Description based on Reid (1980). |
| cap | The cap of A. effusa is fleshy, subglobose, obtuse, and white. The cap bears "fairly prominent", pyramidal warts of the volva. |
| gills | The gills are narrowly attached to the stem, crowded, yellow-ochraceous. |
| stem | The stem is 65 × 9 mm, white, solid, cylindric, slightly narrowing upwards. There is a bulb at the stem base that is rounded and possibly marginate. The stem has a persistent, white ring. |
| odor/taste | Neither odor nor taste is known for this species. |
| spores | The spores measure 8.0 - 12.0 × 6.75 - 9.0 µm and are subglobose to ovate, varying to broadly ellipsoid and amyloid. |
| discussion |
This species was originally described in Daylesford, Australia in the state of Victoria. Known only from the type. No ecological information was provided. Originally described as growing on wood; however, Reid suggests that the wood attached to the specimen would have had to have been in a state of decay and that the specimen was probably growing on the ground.—R. E. Tulloss |
| brief editors | RET |
| name | Amanita effusa | ||||||||||||||||||||
| author | (Kalchbr.) D. A. Reid. 1980. Austral. J. Bot., Suppl. Ser. 8: 22, figs. 9(a-b), 57, 58. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| name status | nomen acceptum | ||||||||||||||||||||
| english name | "False-Pholioto Lepidella" | ||||||||||||||||||||
| synonyms |
≡Agaricus (Pholiota) effusus Kalchbr. in Cooke. 1881. Grevillea 9: 147.
≡Pholiota effusa (Kalchbr.) Sacc. 1887. Syll. Fung. 5: 752. The editors of this site owe a great debt to Dr. Cornelis Bas whose famous cigar box files of Amanita nomenclatural information gathered over three or more decades were made available to RET for computerization and make up the lion's share of the nomenclatural information presented on this site. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| etymology | effusus - spread out, wide | ||||||||||||||||||||
| MycoBank nos. | 118371, 372102, 219946 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| GenBank nos. |
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| holotypes | K(M) 165229 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| intro |
The following text may make multiple use of each data field. The field may contain magenta text presenting data from a type study and/or revision of other original material cited in the protolog of the present taxon. Macroscopic descriptions in magenta are a combination of data from the protolog and additional observations made on the exiccata during revision of the cited original material. The same field may also contain black text, which is data from a revision of the present taxon (including non-type material and/or material not cited in the protolog). Paragraphs of black text will be labeled if further subdivision of this text is appropriate. Olive text indicates a specimen that has not been thoroughly examined (for example, for microscopic details) and marks other places in the text where data is missing or uncertain. The following material is based on the protolog, (Pegler 1965), and (Reid 1980). | ||||||||||||||||||||
| pileus | from protolog, Pegler (1965), and Reid (1980): White, fleshy, hemispherical, 20 mm wide in exsiccatum; context not described; margin not described; universal veil as prominent pyramidal warts. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| lamellae | from protolog, Pegler (1965), and Reid (1980): adnate, crowded, yellow-ferrugineous. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| stipe | from protolog, Pegler (1965), and Reid (1980): 20 × 6 mm in exsiccatum (width measured at base), white; bulb abrupt, marginate(?), rounded below, 20 mm wide in exsiccatum; context solid; parital veil white, membranous, persistent, strongly striate above; universal veil. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| odor/taste | not recorded. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| macrochemical tests |
none recorded. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| pileipellis | not described. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| pileus context | not described. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| lamella trama | not described. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| subhymenium | not described. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| basidia | not described. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| universal veil | from Reid (1980): On cap, wart apex: inflated cells dominant, thin-walled, hyaline, spheropedunculate, 20-45 μm wide. On cap, lower part: hyphae more frequent, elements with tendency to vertical orientation; filamentous undifferentiated hyphae thin-walled, hyaline, constricted at septa, often "much inflated up to 25 μm wide"; inflated cells as "occasional sphaerocysts"; highly refractive hyphae, branching, "oleiferous," up to 8 μm wide; clamps lacking. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| stipe context | not described. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| partial veil | not described. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| lamella edge tissue | not described. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| basidiospores |
from Pegler (1965): [-/-/-] 8.0 - 12.0 × 7.0 - 9.0 μm, (est. Q = 1.14 - 1.33 Q = 1.20), hyaline, amyloid, subglobose or broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid. from Reid (1980): [-/-/-] 8.0 - 12.0 × 6.8 - 9.0 μm, (est. Q = 1.17 - 1.33; est. Q = 1.27), hyaline, amyloid, broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| ecology | from protolog: On wood. [Note: Modern treatments reject the idea that the species could be saprobic.—ed.] | ||||||||||||||||||||
| material examined |
from Reid (1980): AUSTRALIA: VICTORIA—Unkn. LGA - Daylesford [37°20'39" S/ 144°08'33" E], | ||||||||||||||||||||
| discussion |
First, we note that Reid (1980), when recombining effusa in Amanita, did not establish that the type has longitudinally acrophysalidic stipe tissue. If possible, it would be good to confirm that this character is present. In addition, because it is not known whether or not clamps are present on the basidia of this species, the placement of the species within Bas' proposed systematics of sect. Lepidella is not precisely possible—assuming that the present species can be placed in that section, as Reid (1980) appears to assume. Reid considered this species very similar to A. strobilacea and expressed the view that the specimen known as "White Lady, 1874 [or 874]" and mounted on the specimen sheet with the type of A. strobilacea is conspecific with the present species. There follows a sporograph comparison of A. strobilacea and A. effusa: In the sporographs it is important to remember that the Q values for the spore measurements of Pegler and Reid are conservative estimates, and the range of Q in both cases is likely to prove larger if the spores were remeasured. Bas' spore measurements from the "White Lady" material (Bas 1969: 408, see also fig. 127) indicate the spores are significantly broader than those Reid and Pegler reported for the present species (see the discussion of A. strobilacea): 10 - 12.5 × 8 - 11 μm. Bas does not give Q values for these spores but following the same estimating procedure as used for Reid's and Pegler's measurements, est. Q = 1.14 - 1.25, with est. Q = 1.18. Q values were computed for Bas' drawings of spore (above cited fig. 127) as follows: 1.10 - 1.33. [Not all of the drawings present spores in lateral alignment, this fact will have the possible consequence only of depressing the lowest value given.] Hence, spore measurements considered alone are not strongly supportive of placing the "White Lady" collection in A. effusa. It should also be noted that A. strobilacea is a clamp bearing taxon. Reid did not report on the basidia of the present species (undoubtedly due to the poor condition of the lamellae in the exsiccatum) and reported clamps as lacking in the universal veil. Hence, evidence to place the present species with A. strobilacea in stirps Ravenelii is not in hand at present. Additionally Reid reports a "tendency" for the elements of the volva in A. effusa to have an anticlinal orientation, whereas, neither Bas nor Reid report such an orientation in the elements of the volva of the type of A. strobilacea. This may be because the upper portions of the warts are lost from the type. Both the pale lemon yellow color and smaller spores of A. strobilacea also appear to argue for keeping the latter separate from A. effusa. However, the latter pair of characters might be explained by at least two hypotheses (see A. strobilaceae). Hence, there is insufficient evidence to conclude that A. strobilacea should be considered a taxonomic synonym of A. effusa. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| citations | —R. E. Tulloss | ||||||||||||||||||||
| editors | RET | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Spore data sets and their composite
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