| name |
Amanita duplex |
| author |
Corner & Bas. 1962. Persoonia 2: 275, pl. 5c, fig. 34. |
| name status |
nomen acceptum |
| english name |
"Singapore Amidella" |
| etymology |
duplex, "double"; because of the two layers observed in the universal veil |
| MycoBank nos. |
326092 |
| GenBank nos. |
Due to delays in data processing at GenBank, some accession numbers may lead to unreleased (pending) pages.
These pages will eventually be made live, so try again later.
|
| holotypes |
L (in liquid) |
| intro |
The following text may make multiple use of each data field.
The field may contain magenta text presenting data from a type study
and/or revision of other original material cited in the protolog of the present taxon.
Macroscopic descriptions in magenta are a combination of data from the protolog and
additional observations made on the exiccata during revision of the cited original
material.
The same field may also contain black text, which is data from a revision of the present
taxon (including non-type material and/or material not cited in the protolog).
Paragraphs of black text will be labeled if further subdivision of
this text is appropriate.
Olive text indicates a specimen that has not been
thoroughly examined (for example, for microscopic details) and marks other places in the text
where data is missing or uncertain.
The following material is derived entirely from the protolog of the present taxon. |
| pileus |
from protolog: 40 - 100 mm wide, pale grayish-brownish, pale grayish buff or pale grayish hazel, innately fibrillose, shallowly concave, somewhat umbonate, dry; context 4 - 8 mm thick over stipe, 1 - 1.5 mm thick at mid-radius, white, firm, then rather soft; margin not striate; universal veil at first as slightly grayer pruinose-felted covering 0.2 mm thick layer, breaking up into "granules, concentric crust-like patches, and rings," except over disc, there with 10 - 25 mm wide patch remaining [membranous, smooth, white (discolored brownish ochre by soil)]. |
| lamellae |
from protolog: free, crowded, cream-white, 3 - 7 mm wide, with minutely eroded edge, about 130 primaries; lamellulae rounded truncate "(mostly more truncate than in water-color drawing)," with 1 (-3) between each pair of otherwise adjacent lamellae. |
| stipe |
from protolog: 60 - 120 × 7 - 10 mm, subcylindric to slightly narrowing upward, whitish to pallid, at least in upper two-thirds covered with pale brownish gray pruinose layer disrupted by elongation of stipe, in lowest third sometimes bearing irregular small recurved squamules; context solid; bulb minimal; exannulate; universal veil as smooth white membranous limbate? volva, up to 25 × 12 - 25 mm, almost entirely attached to base of stipe, with only 2 - 4 mm high free limb, sometimes also as ring-like patch encircling stipe just above volva (as in specimen depicted). [Note: Unfortunately the illustration does not delineate the interface between the universal veil and the base of the stipe.—ed.] |
| odor/taste |
not recorded. |
macrochemical
tests |
none recorded. |
| pileipellis |
from protolog: ca. 200 µm thick; suprapellis gelatinized, ca. 80 µm thick; subpellis not gellatinized; filamentous hyphae radially oriented, in suprapellis 1.5 - 5 µm wide, in subpellis up to 25 µm wide and strongly constricted at septa, with intercalary chains of fusiform to ellipsoid cells. The subpellis described here has not to our knowledge been reported in other taxa assigned to sect. Amanita.—ed.] |
| pileus context |
not described. |
| lamella trama |
from protolog: bilateral, divergent; central stratum narrow; filamentous hyphae of central stratum 5 - 10 µm wide, dense, with [?intercalary] elongated cells up to 20 µm wide; divergent elements including elongate to ellipsoid to clavate cells up to 90 × 30 µm. |
| subhymenium |
from protolog: cellular; about 40 µm wide; inflated cells elongate to globose, from 30 × 12 µm near subhymenial base to 8 × 8 µm at bases of basidia. |
| basidia |
from protolog: 32 - 36 × 9 - 11 µm, 4-sterigmate, with sterigmata about 4 µm long; clamps not observed. |
| universal veil |
from protolog: On pileus, central patch: absent in preserved fragment. On pileus, crust-like patches, upper layer: inflated cells globose to ellipsoid to pyriform, with pale brown sap, often arranged in short chains. On pileus, crust-like patches, lower layer: . On stipe base: thin; filamentous hyphae 1.5 - 4 (-10) µm wide, radially arranged "(difficult to make out whether ... inner layer of volva" or attached part of pileipellis. [Note: Although no reasoning is provided, the authors felt that the lower hyphal layer was probably part of the volva rather than part of the pileipellis. The issue should be re-examined.—ed.] |
| stipe context |
not described. |
| partial veil |
absent. |
| lamella edge tissue |
from protolog: inflated cells 10 - 20 (-30) µm wide, numerous, small, globose to subglobose. |
| basidiospores |
from protolog: [-/-/-] 6.5 - 7.3 × 4.8 - 5.6 μm, (Q = 1.25 - 1.45; Q = 1.35), hyaline, colorless, smooth, thin-walled, amyloid, broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid; apiculus proportionately narrow, sometimes proportionately rather long; contents opalescent; color in deposit not recorded. [Fresh spores recorded as measuring 7.0 - 5.5 × 5.5 μm.] |
| ecology |
from protolog: Terrestrial in forest. |
| material examined |
from protolog: SINGAPORE: Bukit Timah, 4.ix.1942, E. J. H. Corner s.n. (holotype, L in liquid, with watercolor drawing). |
| discussion |
from protolog: "The universal veil of this species is composed of at least two distinct layers. Unfortunately, the outer layer could not be studied as no parts of it were preserved. Most probably, however, it is composed of repent, interwoven hyphae and forms the central membranous patch over the center of the pileus, the outer layer of the volva ring near the base of the stipe and the smooth covering of the base itself. The inner part of the universal veil consists of rather small inflated cells forming short chains and, therefore, is more liable to break up, thus forming crust-like patches all over the pileus. These pulverulent patches, however, are removable from the cuticle and rather coherent. As mentioned in the description, the chains of sphaerocysts seem to be seated on a thin layer of radial hyphae. That may be a third (innermost) layer of the universal veil.
"Amanita duplex is rather difficult to place. It seems to take an intermediate position between sections Lepidella and Amidella. As a large part of the pileus is covered by pulverulent remnants of the universal veil one would be inclined to assign that species to section Lepidella. However, in this section one looks in vain for close allies and the slightly limbate volva in combination with the membranous patch on the center of the pileus would be a peculiar feature there." [Note: Bas (1969) proposed subsect. Limbatulate of sect. Lepidella seven years after the present text was published. However, the present species is still clearly distinct from the taxa of that subsection; for, in those taxa, the brief volval limb is comprised of a scant layer of hyphae with a thin pulverent inner layer.—ed.]
"In section Amidella, however, several species occur which have a pulverulent or squamulose covering of the cuticle, besides a sheathing volva, for instance A. fulvopulverulenta Beeli, A. goossensiae Beeli, A. agglutinata (Berk. & Curt.) Lloyd [considering the date of publication, this is probably a reference to A. volvata (Peck) Lloyd—ed.], A. lepiotoides Barla, etc. It is very likely that in these species the pulverulent or fibrillose patches on the pileus are derived from a friable inner layer of the volva, as previously stated by Gilbert (1941: 309).
"Therefore, although in A. duplex the volva is less sheathing than in the species enumerated above, its natural place seems to be in their vicinity. Form and size of the spores of A. duplex present no difficulties to that solution and, moreover, some of the species mentioned above have a friable rind, too." |
| citations |
—R. E. Tulloss |
| editors |
RET |
|
Spore data sets and their composite